10 • ASIAN TIMBER • JULY/ AUGUST 2002
Main Feature
A
ttracting international capital to
assist in further developing
forest industries is a challenge
confronting Asian economies emerging
from the setbacks of the late 90’s.
Unfortunately, perceptions about
political instability, institutional weakness
and technical competence remain. And
higher risks, whether perceived or real,
mean that investment return expectations
rise. Additional worries about resource
depletion, slow progress in implementing
sustainable forest management practices
and a need to quicken the rate of
plantation expansion, also pose concerns
for international investors.
A climate conducive to attractive
investment is critical for Asia’s forest
industries. Creating such a climate will
instil confidence in the industry and
provide the necessary momentum for
research and development. Such
research and development is essential as
the industry changes and becomes more
sophisticated - from the logging and
rudimentary processing of timber from
primary forest to value adding of smaller,
lower quality logs and the establishment
of plantations.
The Asian financial crisis of the late
90’s had far-reaching effects on the
regional economy and Asia’s trading
partners. These effects threatened to
erode the region’s significant social and
economic advances achieved during the
preceding years of sustained growth. The
crisis also revealed many regional
problems and challenges in relation to
macroeconomic management, banking
and capital market management,
Attracting capital -
Key challenge for Asia’s forest sector
By John Halkett
institutional capacity and governance of
the financial systems. However, there
were also some examples of outstanding
economic performance by Asian
companies.
Translating this to the forest industry,
some concerns about instability,
corruption and managerial competence
remain. These are acerbated by the long-
term nature of forestry investments and
the technical sophistication now required
in forest products manufacturing.
Real pluses for investors
Beneath the somewhat pessimistic
view, Asia’s forest industry offers global
investors some real pluses - cheap labour,
substantial forest resources and proximity
to large markets. Also, an increasing
awareness that Asia’s industry will
continue to be a dominant global influence
has focused attention on the potential
financial returns that research and
development investment could offer.
Increasingly, investment and research
are being recognised as essential
partners in the future of Asia’s forest
industry. Research on a wide range of
plantation establishment and
management matters, on more
sophisticated processing of logs and
adding value to the timber produced is
required.
In an example of increasing investment
interest, Indonesia’s Pulp and Paper
Association Chairman Muhammad
Mansur reports that foreign strategic
investors are showing renewed interest in
Indonesia’s pulp industry. “They say the
future in Indonesia is very bright. You have
a big forest area, you have skilled labour
with low wages, big domestic
consumption and geographically you’re in
the centre of Asia.”
Although Indonesian politics are now
much less volatile, there remain caveats
for investors. Environmental issues have
become significant after years of forest
fires and the Indonesian Government is
prescribing replanting following logging.
Despite a brighter outlook, the global
pulp and paper industry is still haunted
by past over capacity and needs to further
consolidate. But rising product prices and
a stronger financial performance by the
sector have breathed fresh optimism into
the industry. Demand for pulp and paper
products is now increasing and production
capacity has actually fallen over the past
year or so.
Accommodating political risk
In an initiative to improve the
international investor climate in Asia, the
Asian Development Bank (ADB) has
Eucalypt plantations - part of the future of
Asia’s forest industry.